# 追加元素
list(APPEND MY_LIST e f)
# 移除元素
list(REMOVE_ITEM MY_LIST a)
list(REMOVE_AT MY_LIST 0)
# 列表长度
list(LENGTH MY_LIST LIST_LEN)
# 查找元素索引（找不到返回-1）
list(FIND MY_LIST b INDEX)
# 截取/获取元素
list(GET MY_LIST 1 2 ELEMENTS)
# 排序
list(SORT MY_LIST)
# 去重
list(REMOVE_DUPLICATES MY_LIST)

# 1. 遍历列表（推荐写法，避免空元素解析问题）
foreach(item IN LISTS MY_LIST)
  message(STATUS "元素: ${item}")
endforeach()

# 2. 范围遍历
foreach(i RANGE 1 10 2) # 1到10，步长2
  message(STATUS "数字: ${i}")
endforeach()

# 3. 直接遍历元素
foreach(item IN ITEMS a b c d)
  message(STATUS "元素: ${item}")
endforeach()

# 定义
function(my_func param1 param2)
  # ARGC: 参数总数；ARGV: 所有参数列表；ARGN: 超出定义的额外参数
  message(STATUS "参数1: ${param1}, 参数2: ${param2}")
  message(STATUS "额外参数: ${ARGN}")
  # 修改父作用域变量
  set(RETURN_VAL "func_result" PARENT_SCOPE)
endfunction()

# 调用
my_func(a b c d)
message(STATUS "函数返回: ${RETURN_VAL}")

# 1. 静态库
add_library(my_static STATIC src/lib.cpp)

# 2. 动态库
add_library(my_shared SHARED src/lib.cpp)

# 3. 对象库
add_library(my_obj OBJECT src/utils.cpp)
# 3.12+ 可直接链接对象库，无需 $<TARGET_OBJECTS:my_obj>
target_link_libraries(my_static PRIVATE my_obj)

# 4. 纯接口库（头文件-only）
add_library(my_header_only INTERFACE)
target_include_directories(my_header_only INTERFACE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)

# 5. 别名库（命名空间规范，现代CMake推荐）
add_library(MyProject::my_static ALIAS my_static)
add_library(MyProject::my_header_only ALIAS my_header_only)

# 6. 导入预编译库
add_library(third_party SHARED IMPORTED)
set_target_properties(third_party PROPERTIES
  IMPORTED_LOCATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib/libthird_party.so
  INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
)

# 1. 设置头文件包含路径（替代全局 include_directories）
target_include_directories(my_static
  PUBLIC
    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include> # 构建时路径
    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include> # 安装后路径
  PRIVATE
    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src # 仅内部使用的头文件路径
)

# 2. 设置编译宏定义（替代全局 add_definitions）
target_compile_definitions(my_static
  PRIVATE MY_LIB_INTERNAL # 内部宏
  PUBLIC MY_LIB_ENABLED # 传递给依赖者的宏
)

# 3. 设置编译选项（替代全局 add_compile_options）
target_compile_options(my_static
  PRIVATE
    # 仅当前目标启用的警告选项，不污染依赖者
    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU,Clang>:-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic>
    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:/W4>
)

# 4. 设置C/C++标准特性（比全局设置更优，自动传递）
target_compile_features(my_static PUBLIC cxx_std_17)

# 5. 链接依赖库（最常用）
target_link_libraries(my_app
  PRIVATE my_static # 私有依赖，不传递
  PUBLIC Threads::Threads # 公共依赖，传递给依赖my_app的目标
)

# 6. 设置链接选项（替代全局 add_link_options）
target_link_options(my_shared PRIVATE -Wl,--no-undefined)

# 7. 给目标追加源文件（3.13+）
target_sources(my_static PRIVATE src/extra.cpp)

# 批量设置目标属性
set_target_properties(my_shared PROPERTIES
  OUTPUT_NAME "my_lib" # 生成的库文件名，默认是目标名
  VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION} # 库版本号
  SOVERSION 1 # API版本号（soname）
  POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON # 生成PIC位置无关代码
  CXX_STANDARD 17 # C++标准
  CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON # 强制要求标准
  CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF # 禁用编译器扩展，保证跨平台
)

# 获取目标属性
get_target_property(LIB_OUTPUT_NAME my_shared OUTPUT_NAME)
message(STATUS "库输出名: ${LIB_OUTPUT_NAME}")

include(FetchContent)
# 声明依赖
FetchContent_Declare(
  spdlog
  GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/gabime/spdlog.git
  GIT_TAG v1.14.1 # 指定版本tag/commit
  # 也可使用URL下载压缩包
  # URL https://github.com/gabime/spdlog/archive/refs/tags/v1.14.1.tar.gz
  # URL_HASH SHA256=xxx
)
# 拉取并添加到项目
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(spdlog)

# 直接链接导入目标
target_link_libraries(my_app PRIVATE spdlog::spdlog)

# 全局添加编译选项，所有目标都会继承
add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra)

# 全局添加链接选项
add_link_options(-Wl,--as-needed)

# 全局添加编译宏
add_definitions(-DGLOBAL_ENABLE=1)

# 全局添加头文件路径（强烈不推荐，污染所有子目录）
include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)

# 全局添加库搜索路径（强烈不推荐，极易出现链接错误）
link_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib)

# 1. 匹配文件（避坑：GLOB不会自动检测新增文件，需重新运行cmake）
file(GLOB SRC_FILES src/*.cpp) # 匹配当前目录cpp文件
file(GLOB_RECURSE ALL_SRC src/*.cpp include/*.h) # 递归匹配
# 3.12+ 新增CONFIGURE_DEPENDS，构建阶段自动检测文件变化
file(GLOB SRC_FILES CONFIGURE_DEPENDS src/*.cpp)

# 2. 文件读写
file(WRITE test.txt "hello cmake") # 覆盖写入
file(APPEND test.txt "\nnew line") # 追加写入
file(READ test.txt FILE_CONTENT) # 读取内容到变量

# 3. 文件/目录复制
file(COPY src/ DESTINATION ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/src)
file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/temp) # 创建目录

# 4. 删除文件/目录
file(REMOVE test.txt)
file(REMOVE_RECURSE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/temp)

# 5. 下载文件
file(DOWNLOAD
  https://example.com/file.tar.gz
  ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/file.tar.gz
  SHOW_PROGRESS
  EXPECTED_HASH SHA256=xxx
)

# 引入GNU标准安装目录，兼容多平台
include(GNUInstallDirs)

# 1. 安装目标（可执行文件/库）
install(TARGETS my_app my_static my_shared
  EXPORT MyProjectTargets # 导出目标，用于生成Config文件
  RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} # 可执行文件
  LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} # 共享库
  ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} # 静态库
  INCLUDES DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR} # 头文件路径
)

# 2. 安装头文件
install(DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/
  DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}
  FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.h" "*.hpp" # 仅安装头文件
  PATTERN "private" EXCLUDE # 排除私有目录
)

# 3. 安装单个文件
install(FILES LICENSE README.md DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DOCDIR})

# 4. 安装时执行脚本/代码
install(CODE "message(STATUS \"安装完成\")")
install(SCRIPT ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/install_script.cmake)

# 启用测试，当前目录和子目录可添加测试用例
enable_testing()
# 或引入完整CTest模块，支持仪表盘、内存检测等
include(CTest)

# 添加测试用例
add_test(
  NAME my_app_test
  COMMAND my_app --test # 测试命令
  WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
)

# 常用：GTest测试框架集成
find_package(GTest REQUIRED)
include(GoogleTest)
add_executable(unit_test test/unit_test.cpp)
target_link_libraries(unit_test PRIVATE GTest::gtest GTest::gtest_main my_static)
gtest_discover_tests(unit_test) # 自动发现测试用例

# 1. 仅Debug配置添加调试选项
target_compile_options(my_app PRIVATE $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:-O0 -g -fsanitize=address>)

# 2. 不同编译器设置不同警告选项
target_compile_options(my_app PRIVATE
  $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU,Clang,AppleClang>:-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Werror>
  $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:/W4 /WX /utf-8>
)

# 3. 编译后复制依赖库到可执行文件目录（跨配置）
add_custom_command(TARGET my_app POST_BUILD
  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
  $<TARGET_FILE:my_shared>
  $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:my_app>
  COMMENT "复制依赖库..."
  VERBATIM
)

# 目标系统名，裸机开发设为Generic
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
# 目标处理器架构
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR aarch64)

# 交叉编译器
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER aarch64-linux-gnu-g++)

# 依赖查找根目录，限制交叉编译时仅在该目录下查找库/头文件
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH /opt/aarch64-sysroot)

# 查找规则：程序用主机的，库/头文件只用目标系统的
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15 FATAL_ERROR)

project(
  MyProject
  VERSION 1.0.0
  DESCRIPTION "现代CMake示例项目"
  LANGUAGES CXX
)

# 禁止源内构建
if(PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL PROJECT_BINARY_DIR)
  message(FATAL_ERROR "不允许源内构建，请创建build目录执行cmake")
endif()

# 全局C++标准兜底，目标级配置优先
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)

# 输出目录设置
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/lib)

# 查找依赖
find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
find_package(spdlog REQUIRED)

# 定义库目标
add_library(my_lib STATIC
  src/my_lib.cpp
  src/utils.cpp
)

# 给库添加别名
add_library(MyProject::my_lib ALIAS my_lib)

# 设置库目标属性
target_include_directories(my_lib
  PUBLIC
    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>
  PRIVATE
    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src
)

target_compile_features(my_lib PUBLIC cxx_std_17)

# 私有警告选项，不传递给用户
target_compile_options(my_lib PRIVATE
  $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:GNU,Clang,AppleClang>:-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Werror>
  $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:/W4 /WX /utf-8>
)

# 链接依赖
target_link_libraries(my_lib
  PUBLIC Threads::Threads spdlog::spdlog
)

# 定义可执行目标
add_executable(my_app src/main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(my_app PRIVATE MyProject::my_lib)

# 启用测试
enable_testing()
add_test(NAME my_app_basic_test COMMAND my_app)

# 安装配置
include(GNUInstallDirs)
include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)

# 安装目标
install(TARGETS my_lib my_app
  EXPORT MyProjectTargets
  RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
  LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
  ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
  INCLUDES DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}
)

# 安装头文件
install(DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/
  DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}
  FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.h" "*.hpp"
)

# 生成Config文件
configure_package_config_file(
  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/MyProjectConfig.cmake.in
  ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/MyProjectConfig.cmake
  INSTALL_DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/MyProject
)

# 生成版本文件
write_basic_package_version_file(
  ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/MyProjectConfigVersion.cmake
  VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION}
  COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion
)

# 安装Config文件
install(FILES
  ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/MyProjectConfig.cmake
  ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/MyProjectConfigVersion.cmake
  DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/MyProject
)

# 安装导出目标
install(EXPORT MyProjectTargets
  FILE MyProjectTargets.cmake
  NAMESPACE MyProject::
  DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/MyProject
)